189 Vs 190 Vs 491: Which Skilled Visa Is Right For You?

If you’re a skilled professional considering migration to Australia, you've likely come across three key visa options: subclass 189, subclass 190, and subclass 491. On the surface, they might seem similar — all points-tested, all pathways to permanent residency. But the reality is, each visa comes with very different conditions, timelines, and obligations that could significantly shape your migration experience.

So, which one is right for you?

Whether you’re weighing up flexibility, state nomination, or your long-term goals, this guide will help you understand how the 189, 190, and 491 stack up — and which one fits your situation best.

First, Understand the Big Picture

Each of these visas is part of Australia’s General Skilled Migration (GSM) program. They’re all points-tested, meaning you’ll be ranked based on age, qualifications, work experience, English level, and other factors.

But here’s where they differ:

• 189 is completely independent
• 190 is state-nominated
• 491 is regional and provisional, with a pathway to PR

Let’s break each one down.

Subclass 189 – Skilled Independent Visa

If you want full freedom — and have a competitive points score — the 189 visa is the gold standard. It’s a permanent visa, and you don’t need sponsorship or nomination.

Key features of the 189:

• No need for state nomination or employer sponsorship
• You can live and work anywhere in Australia
• Often requires a higher points score (usually 90+) to receive an invitation
• Very limited occupation list
• Ideal for offshore applicants in high-demand sectors

Subclass 190 – Skilled Nominated Visa

The 190 visa is perfect for skilled professionals who are willing to commit to a specific state or territory. It’s also a permanent visa, but it comes with a catch — you must live and work in your nominated state for at least 2 years.

What makes the 190 attractive:

• Lower points threshold thanks to 5 extra nomination points
• More generous occupation lists than 189
• States may prioritise applicants already living, working, or studying in that state
• Quicker invitation turnaround if you meet state criteria
• You must commit to living in the nominating state post-grant

Subclass 491 – Skilled Work Regional (Provisional) Visa

If you’re open to living in regional Australia, the 491 visa might be your best stepping stone to PR. It’s a 5-year provisional visa with a pathway to permanent residency (191 visa) after meeting specific requirements.

Why consider the 491:

• 15 bonus points for regional nomination = easier to reach the required score
• Broad occupation lists and more relaxed eligibility criteria
• Open to both state nomination and eligible family sponsorship
• Requires you to live and work in a designated regional area
• Must hold the visa for 3 years and meet income thresholds to apply for PR

So, Which Visa Is Right for You?

Ask yourself:

• Do I have a high points score and a listed occupation? → 189 might work.
• Am I open to state nomination and willing to live where needed? → Look at the 190.
• Would I prefer to build up to PR while living in regional Australia? → The 491 is ideal.

Remember, the “best” visa isn’t always the one with the fastest outcome — it’s the one you can realistically qualify for and build your long-term future on.

Final Thoughts

Choosing between the 189, 190, and 491 comes down to more than just points. It’s about understanding what each visa requires now, and what it offers long-term. Whether you want full flexibility, state-backed support, or a regional pathway to PR, there’s an option that aligns with your goals — as long as you plan carefully.

At GovLinked, our Registered Migration Agents work with you to assess your eligibility and maximise your visa chances based on your profile, occupation, and timeline.

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